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How are the three LISA spacecraft able to point at one another?

The orbits of the LISA spacecraft are set up in such a way that the constellation maintains a nearly perfect equilateral triangular shape that is inclined by roughly 60 deg with respect to the ecliptic plane. Once each spacecraft is inserted into its predetermined orbit, tracking from the ground will be used to precisely locate them and determine their relative positions. The spacecraft will then undergo a “constellation acquisition” procedure which begins with one spacecraft turning on its laser while its partner spacecraft scans the sky. At some point during the scan, an acquisition sensor on the partner spacecraft will detect the laser and record its position. The spacecraft will then orient towards that position and turn on its own laser. Once a two-way laser “link” is established, precision interferometric measurements can be used to align the beams. This same procedure is repeated to establish the remaining links in the constellation. This procedure has been verified in simulations and will continue to be refined as the LISA design matures. A variant of this procedure was used to establish the laser link between widely-separated spacecraft on the GRACE-FO mission which launched in 2018.